TABLE OF CONTENTS


Collection Summary

Historical Note

Scope and Content

Organization of the Records

Arrangement of the Records

Restrictions

Index Terms

Related Material

Administrative Information

Detailed Description of the Records

Series 1: Annual reports, 1859-1967.

Series 2: Financial records, 1818-1894

Series 3: Registers, 1869 Oct.-1877.

Guide to the Records of the Overseers of the Poor, Burlington, Mass. 1818-1967An InventoryInventory prepared by Lisa A. Plato and Denise Wernikorff

Guide to the Records of the Overseers of the Poor, Burlington, Mass. 1818-1967

An Inventory



Collection Summary

Creator:Burlington (Mass.) Overseers of the Poor.
Title:Records,
Dates:1818-1967
Abstract: The records of the Overseers of the Poor and/or Board of Public Welfare document municipal assistance and programs for the underprivileged. Assistance was provided in the form of goods, services, or financial assistance. Financial records (primarily account books and individual receipts) comprise the bulk of the collection. The printed annual reports (series 1) provide very little narrative documentation.
Quantity: 0.5 cubic ft. (1 box, 1 oversize folder, 41 folders)
Identification: RG125

Historical Note

From 1799-1853, the Board of Selectmen also served as the Burlington Overseers of the Poor. After 1854, the Overseers' function was separated from the Board of Selectmen. After 1927, the Overseers of the Poor became known as the Board of Public Welfare; it appears that this was a state action, not a municipal action (series 1: annual reports, 1927). Since the board was still under municipal operation--and because we do not have evidence of a major reorganization--the records 1818-1967 are described in inventory RG125.

The Overseers of the Poor were elected by the Burlington Town Meeting, which was equivalent to the general electorate. Town Meeting also appropriated an annual amount for the support of the poor.

The acquisition of a town farm for the poor was approved by Town Meeting in 1852. Prior to 1852, the town's underprivileged were managed by an independent contractor. Every year money was appropriated and the management of the farm was put out for bid by the Board of Selectmen; see the scope and content note for more information. The following chronology documents events, 1827-1852, leading to the acquisition of the town farm and almshouse. The events, 1827-1852 also show the transition from the Board of Selectmen acting as the Overseers of the Poor to the appointment of an independent committee.

During the latter part of 1967, the Massachusetts Legislature passed the Welfare Reorganization bill. Effective July 1, 1968, the department came under "state administration, with regional offices and service centers designed to provide more and better servies for families and individuals" (series 1: annual report, 1967). The new state agency was the Department of Social Services. For more information on the state agency, see National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections at www.loc.gov/coll/nucmc; enter Massachusetts. Dept. of Social Services for Author--Corporate Name and enter agency history for title.

YearEvent
1827 April 2Town Meeting considered a warrant article to purchase a town farm for the poor, but the article was dismissed (RG002, series 1, volume 2, pp. 41, 42).
1828 November 3Town Meeting considered a warrant article to purchase a town farm for the poor (RG002, series 1, volume 2, p. 76), but the article was dismissed.
1830 March 1Town Meeting considered a warrant article to purchase a town farm for the poor. A committee (Silvanus Wood, James Cutler and Abel Winn) was selected and asked to "inquire what farms can be puchased for the town to keep the poor on." The committee was to present their report at the April 5, 1830 Town Meeting (RG002, series 1, volume 2, pp. 100, 102).
1830 April 5The acquisition committee was scheduled to present their report, but the article was dismissed (RG002, series 1, volume 2, pp. 105, 107).
1831 January 3Town Meeting was to consider a warrant article to see if the town would take other measures to support their poor, but the article was dismissed (RG002, series 1, volume 2, pp. 121, 122).
1831 March 7The March town meeting considered again on March 7, 1831 how to support the poor, and it was decided that the Selectmen should be entrusted with the decision (RG002, series 1, volume 2, pp. 123, 126).
1831 March 7The March Town Meeting considered again on March 7, 1831 how to support the poor, and it was decided that the Selectmen should be entrusted with the decision (RG002, series 1, volume 2, pp. 123, 126).
1832 March 5Town Meeting again considered the issue of how to support the poor; it was once more decided to have the Selectmen make the decision (RG002, series 1, volume 2, pp. 147, 150).
1832 November 12Town Meeting voted to put the poor out to the lowest bidder, with the exception of legal settlements. The contract was to include all state paupers, including funeral expenses. As late as November 13, 1837, Town Meeting voted to put out a five year contract to care for the poor, and that the contract be "put out for auction at Silvanus Wood's Inn" and that the Selectmen "put out the poor as they may thing proper as regards the liability of the contractor" (RG002, series 1, volume 3, pp. 43, 45)
1852 March 1Town Meeting voted to put the poor out to the lowest bidder, with the exception of legal settlements. The contract was to include all state paupers, including funeral expenses. Town Meeting voted to choose a committee to investigate and report on a new method for supporting the poor after the contract with Rev. Dr. James H. Walker (1794-1874) expired. The committee consisted of Nathan Blanchard, Esq. (1801-1882); George Gleason (1809-1858), and William Lawrence (1799-1872).
The committee presented their report at the April 5, 1852 Town Meeting (RG002, series 1, volume 3, page 318). The committe concluded that the "present system...is not what it should be" and that the "town may pay an ample compensation for the support of their poor, and yet the poor may not enjoy the full benefit of it." The committee consulted other towns that kept their poor on farms and found that "their poor, in proportion to numbers, do not cost them more than one third as much as ours do." The committee concluded that the town should consider purchasing a small poor farm and of "trying the experiment of supporting their poor thereupon."
1852 NovemberTown Meeting voted to proceed with the acquisition and the equipment of the Captain Daniel McIntire (1790-1852) farm. The farm was located at the current location of Pine Haven Cemetery (82 Bedford St.); the barn survives as an interdenominational chapel. The property was originally owned by Joseph McIntire (1763-1813) during the latter part of the 18th century. By 1831, the property descended through the McIntire family to Joseph's grandson, Daniel McIntire (1819-1899). The principal farm house and possibly earlier outbuildings burned about 1845; Daniel McIntire rebuilt the farmhouse and current barn ca. 1847. The farmhouse burned and was rebuilt ca. 1879, according to Burlington Historian John "Ed" Fogelberg.
1852 November 2Town Meeting was asked to consider an article "to raise a committee to furnish stock and tools, and take such other measures as may be necessary to carry on their farm after the first of April next" (RG002, series 1, volume 3, pp. 331, 332). It was decided to dismiss the article until the November 8, 1852 meeting, but the issue did not reappear for at least another month.
1852 December 13Town Meeting choose a committee for "procuring the stock, tools, and household furniture which may be necessary to carry on the Poor Farm" (RG002, series 1, volume 3, p. 340). Town Meeting nominated Abner Marion (1809-1858); William Winn, Jr. (1809-1892); and Stephen Skelton, Jr. (1818-1873). The committee was authorized to "procure a contract and to contract with a man to take charge of the Poor Farm and of the Poor by the first of April next."
1853 AprilBy April 1853 there is an inventory of town farm assets and a "keeper" to run the farm. Abner Marion presented a long list of items to Town Meeting, who was in charge of stocking the town farm. On April 4, 1853, Town Meeting voted to insure the buildings on the Town Farm (RG002, series 1, volume 3, pp. 347, 348).
1853 spring-1864 AprilFirst keeper or resident manager hired for the town farm. Hugh Murray and his wife ran the town farm until May 1864 for an annual salary of $230.
1864 AprilAdvertisement published to find a new "keeper of the almshouse."
1864 JunePatrick Greaney succeeded the Murrays in June 1864 and stayed until 1871. His salary began at $275 per year and escalated to $300 by 1868. It was Greaney who organized the "inmates" to work in a "road gang" (sic) to help with the maintenance of Burlington roads.
Neither keeper left a narrative report. It appeared that Murray was illiterate, as he signed the receipt of his salary with a cross and the treasurer witnessed the signature.
1855 March 5Town Meeting proceedings (RG002, series 1, pp. 386, 381) provide further evidence that the town owned the property by the 1850s. The report notes the interest ($168) paid on the cost of the town farm; this is also the first year the committee made a financial report to Town Meeting.
1855 MarchFirst complete balance sheet documents the first complete year of operation (1854 April 1-1855 March 31). Every year after 1855, the reports reveal that in addition to supporting its inmates, the farm generated cash by selling eggs, milk, wood, grass. See series 2: financial record for more information.
1858Annual report of 1858 provides the first statistics regarding the almshouse. The report documents how many paupers, how many travelers, cost per person per year, with and without accounting for the interest due on the farm. See series 1: annual reports for more information.
1874Appears to be the first year the Overseers of the Poor provide a narrative report, in addition to their annual financial report. The 1874 annual report documents the poor condition of the almshouse; the Overseers wrote "the Almshouse is in a very bad and uncomfortable condition, and we think it is absolutely necessary that it should be repaired immediately. The wind, snow and rain, have free access to the back part of the building up stairs...." The result was that the April 1874 town meeting voted an appropriation of $500 for repairs. The almhouse was in such poor repair that the overseers had to make another appeal in 1875. The 1875 annual report noted that after "commencing the work we found many parts badly decayed, and in such a dilapidated condition that a more thorough renovation, and consequently a greater outlay would be required." The report documented the renovations and stated that the house was "in a condition adapted to the comfort of the subjects necessarily placed there, as well as for the greater convenience of those who may have the charge," stating that the house would not require "general outlay for several years." The overseers noted that the barn was in very poor condition "and in some respects dangerous" (series 1: annual report, 1875).
1875Town hired Superintendent George W. Austin. GWA noted in his first report that the farm received a larger number of travelers and a fair amount of sickness, thus expenses had increased considerably. Mr. Austin also noted that he and his wife had to purchase many articles, which contributed to the annual expenditures (series 1: annual report, 1875).
1876Despite the depreciation of personal property values (which GWA cited as a contributing expense), the costs per inmate increased. Superintendent Austin noted in 1876 that the cost per inmate was $152.86, whereas in 1871-1872 (when the roads were managed in connection with the farm, the cost per inmate was $181.15.
During the 1870s, the individual who served as Superintendent of the Poor Farm typically served as the Superintendent of Roads for the Highway Surveyors.
1878By the the publication of the 1878 annual report, John Delorey (b. ca. 1850), was the new superintendent.
1879-1880The almshouse was destroyed by fire in 1879. The 1880 Building Committee report notes that the town spent $1808.11 to reconstruct the house. The Overseers reported in their 1880 annual report that the house was furnished and that they did not expect "any outlay for a long time, unless an accident should occur...[and that] we are perfectly satisfied that all was done that could be done, and all was done well."
1880 MarchBy the publication of the annual report year ending March 1880, Charles L. Pottle was the new superintendent.
1880The 1880 annual report lists Joseph Leavitt as the new superintendent, and the position was vacant from 1881-1883.
1884J. A. Fuller hired as superintendent.
1885-1889Henry L. Edgerly hired as superintendent.
1890J. C. Rounds hired as superintendent.
1890The ca. 1847 McIntire barn was torn down in 1890 and rebuilt using the original wooden-pegged framework.
1900-1904O. C. Hodson hired as superintendent.
1905-1907Charles Lincoln Foster (1864-1953) hired as superintendent.
ca. 1906-1907The property was sold ca. 1906-1907 (series 1: annual reports, 1906-1907).
1907 March 19Town Meeting voted to apply the funds from the sale of the poor farm toward taxes (RG002, series 1).
1907-1926Town continued to appoint Overseers of the Poor, although the services were considerably more modest (series 1: annual reports, 1907-1926).
1927During 1927, the Overseers of the Poor became known as the Board of Public Welfare; it appears that this was a state action, not a municipal action (series 1: annual reports, 1927).
1953-1957John J. Bowers, Jr. served as the public welfare agent (series 1: annual reports, 1953-1957).
1958-1967Mary R. Kelley served as the public welfare agent and/or director of public assistance (series 1: annual reports, 1958-1967).
1967-1968During the latter part of 1967, the Massachusetts Legislature passed the Welfare Reorganization bill. Effective July 1, 1968, the department came under "state administration, with regional offices and service centers designed to provide more and better servies for families and individuals" (series 1: annual report, 1967). The new state agency was the Department of Social Services. For more information on the state agency, see National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections at www.loc.gov/coll/nucmc; enter Massachusetts. Dept. of Social Services for Author--Corporate Name and enter agency history for title.

The following individuals served as Overseers of the Poor and/or the Board of Public Welfare. As noted above, the Board of Selectmen served as the Overseers of the Poor from 1799-1853. The Board of Public Welfare positions are followed by the abbreviation (BPW). The Board of Selectmen positions are followed by the abbreviation (BOS).

Years of Service (through 1968)Name
1872Bennett, Charles W., b. 1817
1878, 1893, 1895, 1902Bennett, Edwin Alonzo, 1843-1927
1904, 1909, 1919-1921Bennett, Edward Dana, 1871-1941
1854, 1858Blanchard, Nathan, 1801-1882
1950-1967 (BPW)Blenkhorn, Robert L.
1926; 1927-1931 (BPW)Bustead, James A.
1818-1819, 1825 (BOS)Butters, Joseph, b. 1786.
1877-1878, 1888Carter, William Edward, 1843-1902
1811, 1816-1817 (BOS)Cutler, James, Captain, 1779-1843
1837-1839 (BOS)Cutler, James, [Captain, 1779-1843?]
1812-1815, 1833-1836 (BOS)Cutler, Nathaniel, [1777-1843?]
1840 (BOS)Cutler, Otis, 1809-1874
1858Cutler, Otis, 1809-1874
1820-1821 (BOS)Cutler, Samuel, Jr., 1782-1860
1799, 1801-1804 (BOS)Dean, Jesse, [Lieutenant, b. 1754?]
1938-1961 (BPW)DeMone, Maurice J.
1963-1967 (BPW)Field, Robert.
1928-1932 (BPW)Foster, Joseph L.
1938-1939 (BPW)Given, Raymond A.
1942-1949 (BPW)Given, W. Raymond
1846-1850 (BOS), 1854Gleason, George, 1809-1858
1922-1926; 1927 (BPW)Graham, Chester Herman, 1880-1959
1895, 1902-1906Graham, William, [1845-1917?]
1824 (BOS)Jamison, Nathum
1835, 1839 (BOS)Jennison, Nahum
1801-1804 (BOS)Kendall, John, [Locke, b. 1729?]
1836-1837 (BOS)Lawrence, William, 1799-1872
1922-1926; 1927-1936 (BPW)MacDonald, Ralph R.
1854Marion, Abner, 1809-1858
1873-1875Marion, Elijah, [1812-1884?]
1884, 1886Marion, Henry Skelton, 1833-1913
1838 (BOS)Marion, John
1855-1857Marion, John
1822, 1824-1825, 1834-1840 (BOS)McIntire, Daniel, Captain, 1790-1852
1826-1827, 1831 (BOS)McIntire, George, 1792-1851
1906, 1909-1925McIntire, George, 1872-1941
1806-1810 (BOS)McIntire, Joseph, 1763-1813
1910-1914McLaughlin, James
1938-1942 (BPW)Meaney, Frank A.
1933-1937 (BPW)Mohan, Thomas J.
1962 (BPW)Mugford, Alfred G.
1940-1967 (BPW)Nelson, Georgiana
1877-1878, 1884Nichols, Henry, 1821-1884
1840-1851 (BOS)Nichols, William
1821Parke, Everett B.
1910-1920Pollock, Thomas W.
1851-1853 (BOS)Prescott, Humphrey
1893Prouty, Augustus, b. 1828
1859-1864Reed, Artemus, 1811-1882
1805 (BOS)Reed, James, Captain, 1745-1832
1818-1823, 1827-1833 (BOS)Reed, James, Captain, Jr., 1783-1844
1886Reed, Thomas I. (Isaiah), 1846-1933
1855-1864, 1872-1875, 1884, 1886, 1888Sewall, Samuel, Jr., 1819-1903
1832-1834 (BOS)Shedd, Abner, 1804-1893
1937 (BPW)Sheerin, William J.
1877Simonds, Abel, 1828-1894
1808, 1811, 1818-1819 (BOS)Simonds, Calvin, 1752-1840
1809-1810 (BOS)Simonds, Jonathan, 1782-1865
1841-1845 (BOS)Simonds, Nathan, 1792-1855
1827-1832 (BOS)Skelton, David, 1793-1878
1852-1853 (BOS)Skelton, David, 1822-1883
1915-1918Skelton, Horace Bradford, 1879-1962
1895, 1902-1906, 1909Skelton, Walter, Winn, 1864-1946
1799-1800 (BOS)Skelton, Thomas, b. 1740
1826 (BOS)Skelton, Thomas, 1782-1833
1888Tebbetts, George S.
1932-1933 (BPW)Twining, Raymond A.
1801-1804, 1812-1814, 1816-1817, 1820-1822 (BOS)Walker, John, Major General, 1762-1814
1815 (BOS)Walker, Josiah, [1759-1845?]
1872-1875Walker, William Henry, 1832-1891
1799 (BOS)Walker, Samuel
1934-1937 (BPW)Ward, Davis M.
1806-1807 (BOS)Winn, Abel, 1767-1847
1805 (BOS)Winn, Ebenezer B., 1777-1821
1799-1800 (BOS)Winn, Joseph, Lieutenant, 1734-1817
1816-1817, 1823, 1826, 1841-1846 (BOS)Winn, William, Colonel, 1784-1856
1847-1853 (BOS)Winn, William, Jr., 1809-1892. William Winn Jr. was asked to chosen as an overseer in 1854, but declined.
1893Winn, William A[dams, b. 1848?]
1799-1800, 1811-1812 (BOS)Wood, John, Captain, 1740-1809
1805-1810, 1813-1815 (BOS)Wood, John, Jr., b. 1764
1855-1857, 1859-1864Wood, John, [b. 1790?]
1823-1825 (BOS)Wood, Sylvanus, [1787-1843?]

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Scope and Content

The records of the Overseers of the Poor and/or Board of Public Welfare span the years 1818-1967 and document municipal assistance (goods, services, and financial assistance) and programs for the town's underprivileged. Financial records (primarily account books and individual receipts) comprise the bulk of the collection. The printed annual reports (series 1) provide very little narrative documentation.

The records were intermingled with records from other departments and were arranged chronologically. The records pertaining to the Overseers of the Poor were separated and arranged chronologically, with the exception of receipts, which were arranged alphabetically by personal or family name, and then chronologically. For more information, see the custodial note.

The support of the underprivileged was a large item in the Town's budget: every year money was appropriated and the actual management of it was put out for bids by the Board of Selectmen. The lowest bidder got the job, which consisted of providing for all the indigents in Town.

To insure the faithful discharge of those duties, the winner of the bid was requested to pledge a very large sum; often one or two friends or relatives were co-signing the pledge, because of the amount involved.

At first those contracts were for four years, then for five, during which the bidder was paid quarterly a stated amount. As a counterpart, he had to provide for the housing of the destitute families, either by boarding them himself or finding and paying for accommodations at somebody's home. Moreover, he had to provide for food, fuel, medical attention and eventually funeral expenses.

Most of the documents pertaining to the Overseer of the Poor are series 2: receipts (1818-1871), evidencing refunds paid by the Treasurer for goods or services provided to the poor: from the list of dry goods from the Town's general store to the doctor's bill, the refund for a coffin or the school books. Another of the duties was to send indigent children to school, but also into apprenticeship, for which the Overseer of the Poor was contracting a deed of indenture with a master tradesman.

To qualify as a welfare recipient, an individual had to prove that he had a "settlement" in Burlington, i.e. that he was born in town, or that she had married a denizen of Burlington; these documents are of a financial nature and are located in series 2. Lacking this bond, an indigent was only cared for until his or her hometown was ascertained. This "settlement" or the absence of it gives rise to an interesting correspondence between the Board of Selectmen of Burlington, as overseer of the Poor and its counterparts in other towns of the Commonwealth, arguing about the affiliation of one or another individual to a given town: the ascertained hometown was notified of the presence of "its" poor and of its duty to remove him or her, and to compensate the Overseer of the Poor of Burlington for the expenses incurred until such a removal. A similar exchange was common between towns, for the removal of vagrants or the upkeep of inmates in jail or lunatic asylum.

In every pledge document, the bidder was promising to care for the poor with a settlement in Burlington, as well as for the "state poor"--for whom the town was receiving some subsidies--but excluded expressly a women named Venus Ro[w]e: it appears that she was African-American and a former slave, who opted to remain with her previous owner (James Reed), who was providing for her. She died in 1844. Report from the Overseer to the Town Meeting are somewhat irregular: after 1852, when the Town Farm (also known as the Almshouse or Poor Farm) was acquired, the reports become more regular, but not more detailed.

It is only with the introduction of series 3: pauper registers (1869, with entries for 1867) that we are able to state who those poor were and why were they on the Town's dole: mostly elderly with no familial support, or mentally instable people, or disabled veterans from the Civil War or their widows.

Although it appears that the town did not begin contracting annual legal counsel until the 20th century, the records of the Overseers of the Poor provide evidence of the 19th century legal services. As early as 1842-1844, G. F. Farley (Concord, Mass.) was contracted by the Town of Burlington to provide a legal opinion regarding the town support of Venus Roe (ca. 1750-1844). VR was the former freed slave of Captain James Reed (1745-1832) and an elderly woman when JR died in 1832. During the 1860s, a Mr. Hoare was hired and during the 1870s, the firm of Sherman and Converse were hired by the Overseers of the Poor.

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Organization of the Records

The records are organized into three series.
Series 1: Annual Reports, 1859-1967
Series 2: Financial Records, 1818-1894
Series 3: Registers, 1869 Oct.-1877

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Arrangement of the Records

Annual reports, account books, and registers are arranged chronologically. Within the financial records, receipts are arranged by personal or family name and then chronologically.

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Restrictions

Restrictions on Access

No access restrictions.

Access Restrictions

Some of the account books (series 2: folder 1-4, series 3: folder 1) are in poor condition. Extreme care should be used when handling these items. Due to the fragile bindings, these items should not be photocopied.

Restrictions on Use

Permission for publication is given on behalf of the Town of Burlington as the owner of the collection. To obtain duplicates or to request publication permission, see the main collections page. Permission to publish is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the researcher to obtain copyright permission from the copyright owner. For more information on when works pass into the public domain, see Cornell Institute for Digital Collections http://cidc.library.cornell.edu/copyright.

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Index Terms

The records were indexed with Getty Institute's Art and Architecture Thesaurus terms and Library of Congress subject headings. When appropriate, a local thesaurus was used.
Names:
Abbot family
Alexander family
Austin, George A.
Bartlet family
Bennett, Charles W., b. 1817
Bennett, Edward Dana, 1871-1941
Bennett, Edwin Alonzo, 1843-1927
Blanchard, Nathan, 1801-1882
Blenkhorn, Robert L.
Board of Public Welfare. Burlington (Mass.)
Board of Selectmen. Burlington (Mass.)
Bowers, John J., Jr.
Bustead, James A.
Butters, Joseph, b. 1786.
Caldwell family
Capps family
Carter, William Edward, 1843-1902
Center family
Coburn family
Collamore family
Converse family
Crouch family
Cummings family
Cutler, James, Captain, 1779-1843
Cutler, Nathaniel, 1777-1843
Cutler, Otis, 1809-1874
Cutler, Samuel, Jr., 1782-1860
Dean, Jesse, Lieutenant, b. 1754
Dean family
Delorey, John W., b. ca. 1850
DeMone, Maurice J.
Edgerly, Henry L.
Farley, G. F.
Field, Robert.
Foster, Charles Lincoln, 1864-1953
Foster, Joseph L.
Francis family
Fuller, J. A.
Given, Raymond A.
Given, W. Raymond
Gleason, George, 1809-1858
Gleason family
Graham, Chester Herman, 1880-1959
Graham, William, 1845-1917
Greaney, Patrick
Hatch family
Highway Surveyors(Burlington, Mass.)
Hoare, Mr.
Hodsdon, O. C.
Hunt family
Jamison, Nathum
Jennison, Nahum
Johnson family
Kelley, Mary R.
Kendall, John, Locke, b. 1729
Knell family
Lawrence, William, 1799-1872
Leavitt, Joseph
Locke family
Lynham family
MacDonald, Ralph R.
Marion, Abner, 1809-1858
Marion, Elijah, 1812-1884
Marion, Henry Skelton, 1833-1913
Marion, John
Marion, John
McIntire, Daniel, 1819-1899
McIntire, Daniel, Captain, 1790-1852
McIntire, George, 1792-1851
McIntire, George, 1872-1941
McIntire, Joseph, 1763-1813
McLaughlin, James
Meaney, Frank A.
Merriam family
Mohan, Thomas J.
Mugford, Alfred G.
Munroe family
Murray, Hugh
Murray, Mrs.
Nelson, Georgiana
Nesson family
Nichols, Henry, 1821-1884
Nichols, William
Nichols family
Osgood family
Overseers of the Poor (Burlington, Mass.)
Parke, Everett B.
Parker family
Pasko family
Patio family
Pollock, Thomas W.
Pottle, Charles L.
Powers family
Prescott, Humphrey
Prouty, Augustus, b. 1828
Reed, Artemus, 1811-1882
Reed, James, Captain, 1745-1832
Reed, James, Captain, Jr., 1783-1844
Reed, Thomas I. (Isaiah), 1846-1933
Reed family
Roe, Venus, ca. 1750-1844
Rounds, J. C.
Sewall, Samuel, Jr., 1819-1903
Shedd, Abner, 1804-1893
Sheerin, William J.
Sherman and Converse
Simonds, Abel, 1828-1894
Simonds, Calvin, 1752-1840
Simonds, Jonathan, 1782-1865
Simonds, Nathan, 1792-1855
Simonds family
Simpson family
Skelton, David, 1793-1878
Skelton, David, 1822-1883
Skelton, Horace Bradford, 1879-1962
Skelton, Stephen, Jr., 1818-1873
Skelton, Thomas, 1782-1833
Skelton, Thomas, b. 1740
Skelton, Walter, Winn, 1864-1946
Skelton family
Tay family
Taylor family
Tebbetts, George S.
Trask family
Twining, Raymond A.
Walker, James, Reverend, 1794-1874
Walker, John, Major General, 1762-1814
Walker, Josiah, 1759-1845
Walker, Samuel
Walker, William Henry, 1832-1891
Walker family
Ward, Davis M.
Winn, Abel, 1767-1847
Winn, Ebenezer B., 1777-1821
Winn, Joseph, Lieutenant, 1734-1817
Winn, William, Colonel, 1784-1856
Winn, William, Jr., 1809-1892. William Winn Jr. was asked to chosen as an overseer in 1854, but declined.
Winn, William Adams, b. 1848
Wood, John, b. 1790
Wood, John, Captain, 1740-1809
Wood, John, Jr., b. 1764
Wood, Sylvanus, 1787-1843
Wood family
Wyman family
Subjects:
Almhouses--Massachusetts--Burlington
Burlington (Mass.)--Politics and government
Lawyers--Massachusetts
Poor--Massachusetts--Burlington
Poor--Services for--Massachusetts--Burlington
Public records--Massachusetts--Burlington
Slavery--United States
Places/Organizations/Businesses:
Burlington (Mass.) Board of Selectmen
Burlington (Mass.) Highway Surveyors
Burlington (Mass.) Overseers of the Poor
Massachusetts. Dept. of Social Services
Document Types:
Account books
Annual reports
Receipts
Registers

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Related Material

The Board of Selectmen financial orders may contain information related to their duties as Overseers of the Poor. See the Image Collection (RG123) for photographs of the Reverend Doctor James Walker (1794-1874) house--also known as the Major General John Walker (1762-1814) house--and Captain Daniel McIntire's house (1819-1899). The Town Meeting and general records (RG002) contain periodic reports from the Burlington Overseers of the Poor.

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Administrative Information

Custodial History

Prior to 1998, these records were kept in the custody of the Historical Commission; the records were intermingled with records from other departments. Jim Ashworth (Historical Commission member, 1981-1986, 1993-1998 and previous Historical Commission chairperson) arranged the receipts chronologically and started an item-level listing. Prior to 2000, Pauline Keans (Historical Commission member, 1984-1995 and previous Historical Commission chairperson) had custody of the majority of the records in series 2 and series 3.

Preferred Citation

Cite as: Records of the Overseers of the Poor, Burlington Archives, Burlington, Mass.

Acquisition Information

Transfer; Historical Commission; 1998.05.

Gift of Pauline Keans; 2000.12.

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Detailed Description of the Records

Series 1: Annual reports, 1859-1967. Approximately 0.2 cubic ft.

The annual reports are printed and bound with other town reports; the town reports typically provide a printed account of summary expenses. Per MGL ch. 40, sec. 49, the Board of Selectmen are charged with printing the annual report and making it available at the annual Town Meeting. From 1927-1967, the report is listed under Board of Public Welfare.
The first printed annual report appeared in 1859. However, annual reports from 1859-1865 provide a printed list of receipts; expenses are simply listed in alphabetical order by the name of the payee. At this point in time, only the School Committee report provided narrative documentation. The overseers' continued to provide a printed list of receipts until 1869, where the expenses are listed by paying department (e.g., Treasurer, Overseer of the Poor, etc.) The annual reports also provide a printed inventory of property owned by the Burlington Town Farm.
Despite the lack of narrative documentation, the town farm seemed to work well: the first complete balance sheet is dated March 1855 and documents the first complete year of operation (April 1, 1854 to March 31, 1855). Every year after 1855, the reports reveal that in addition to supporting its inmates, the farm generated cash by selling eggs, milk, wood, grass.
The annual report of 1858 provides the first statistics regarding the almshouse. The report documents how many paupers, how many travelers, cost per person per year, with and without accounting for the interest due on the farm.
1874 appears to be the first year the Overseers of the Poor provide a narrative report, in addition to their annual financial report. The 1874 annual report documents the poor condition of the almshouse; the Overseers wrote "the Almshouse is in a very bad and uncomfortable condition, and we think it is absolutely necessary that it should be repaired immediately. The wind, snow and rain, have free access to the back part of the building up stairs...." The result was that the April 1874 town meeting voted an appropriation of $500 for repairs. The almhouse was in such poor repair that the overseers had to make another appeal in 1875. The 1875 annual report noted that after "commencing the work we found many parts badly decayed, and in such a dilapidated condition that a more thorough renovation, and consequently a greater outlay would be required." The report documented the renovations and stated that the house was "in a condition adapted to the comfort of the subjects necessarily placed there, as well as for the greater convenience of those who may have the charge," stating that the house would not require "general outlay for several years." The overseers noted that the barn was in very poor condition "and in some respects dangerous" (RG009, annual report, 1875).
To access annual town reports, see the records of the Board of Selectmen (RG009).
See series 2 for annual, manuscript, reports of annual expenditures.

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Series 2: Financial records, 1818-1894 5 v. and 41 folders

Series 2.1, account books (1853-1894) provide a manuscript record of the information in series 1: annual reports.
Series 2.2, receipts and reports (1818-1859) are handwritten on more or less small scraps of paper. Series 2.2 provide evidence of payment by the town for goods and services.
Box
1Series 2.1: Account book and expense report, 1853-1865
Series 2.1: Account book, 1875-1879
Series 2.1: Account book, 1877-1881
Series 2.1: Account book, 1878-1906
Series 2.1: Account book, 1886-1894
Box
2Series 2.2: Receipts and reports, 1818-1871
Folder 1-41 are arranged alphabetically by name. The first folder records the burial of a stranger. Folder 42-45 include general receipts and are arranged chronologically. These receipts relate to the administration of the overseers(1820-1853),including lists of paupers, bidding and "conditions for putting out the poor" and the pledge taken by the "keeper" of the poor. Folder 46-51(1853-1872) contain receipts for goods and services as well as reports about the operation of the "Town Farm" a.k.a.Almshouse or Poor Farm. Folder 52 contains similar receipts for the years 1892-1895.
Stranger, 1837-1842 6 items (2/1)
Abbot, 1818 2 items (2/2)
Alexander, 1818-1821 3 items (2/3)
Bartlet, 1871 1 items (2/4)
Caldwell, 1818-1871 4 items (2/5)
Capps, 1869 4 items (2/6)
Center, 1818 1 items (2/7)
Coburn, 1868 3 items (2/8)
Collamore, 1853 1 items (2/9)
Converse, 1839-1840 5 items (2/10)
Crouch, 1837 2 items (2/11)
Cummings, 1820-1821 4 items (2/12)
Dean, 1818-1869 6 items (2/13)
Francis, 1817-1821 3 items (2/14)
Gleason, 1817 1 items (2/15)
Hatch, 1834-1835 3 items (2/16)
Hunt, 1871 1 items (2/17)
Johnson, 1817-1821 4 items (2/18)
Knell, 1869 1 items (2/19)
Locke, 1834-1838 8 items (2/20)
Lynham, 1818 1 items (2/21)
Merriam, 1841-1842 5 items (2/22)
Munroe, 1867-1868 2 items (2/23)
Nesson, 1836 1 items (2/24)
Nichols, 1840-1866 7 items (2/25)
Osgood, 1848-1872 5 items (2/26)
Parker, 1818 2 items (2/27)
Pasko, 1818-1870 7 items (2/28)
Patio, 1834-1866 26 items (2/29)
Powers, 1817-1821 6 items (2/30)
Reed, 1818-1869 13 items (2/31)
Rowe, 1832-1845 11 items (2/32)
Simmonds, 1840-1842 6 items (2/33)
Simpson, 1851 1 items (2/34)
Skelton, 1865-1872 3 items (2/35)
Tay, 1818 1 items (2/36)
Taylor, 1818 3 items (2/37)
Trask, 1818-1834 5 items (2/38)
Walker, 1853-1868 3 items (2/39)
Wood, 1821-1839 4 items (2/40)
Wyman, 1818-1822 5 items (2/41)
General Receipts, 1820-1837 November 21 items (2/42)
General receipts, 1837 November-1843 March 28 items (2/43)
General receipts, 1843 March-1848 January 24 items (2/44)
General receipts, 1848 March - 1853 April 23 items (2/45)
Town farm receipts and reports, 1852 April-1864 December 30 items (2/46)
Town farm receipts and reports, 1865 January-1867 March 32 items (2/47)
Town farm receipts and reports, 1867 April-1868 December 39 items (2/48)
Town farm receipts and reports, 1869 January-1869 December 28 items (2/49)
Town farm receipts and reports, 1870 January-1871 August 34 items (2/50)
Town farm receipts and reports, 1872 January-1872 March 22 items (2/51)
Town farm receipts and reports, 1892-1896 10 items (2/52)

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Series 3: Registers, 1869 Oct.-1877. 1 v.

In 1867 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts mandated each Overseer of the Poor to keep a pauper register. This is the first time that we have clear demographic information for inmates of the almshouse. The majority of the residents are elderly or mentally unstable. The pauper register also records how long the inmates resided at the almshouse and how they are affiliated with Burlington.
There is also a register for the persons supported partially by the town. This list documents individuals not living at the almshouse, but that receive financial support by reason of their affiliation with Burlington, e.g. they were born or married in Burlington. Some of the individuals appear to be veterans (maybe disabled) from the Civil War. There are a few receipts for refunds of the State Aid or for payment of a medical examination for State Aid qualification.
Box
3 (oversize folder)Pauper register, October 1869-1877

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